Augmented reality (AR) thev naus laus zis tau ua pov thawj zoo hauv kev nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua cov khoom 3D.Txawm hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau siv AR daim ntawv thov los ntawm cov khoom siv txawb, cov qauv yas lossis 2D duab tseem siv dav hauv kev txiav hniav.Vim yog qhov peb-dimensional ntawm cov hniav, cov menyuam kawm ntawv carving ntsib teeb meem vim tsis muaj cov cuab yeej uas muab kev taw qhia zoo ib yam.Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb tau tsim ib qho AR-raws li kev kho hniav carving cuab yeej (AR-TCPT) thiab muab piv nrog cov qauv yas los ntsuas nws lub peev xwm raws li cov cuab yeej xyaum thiab kev paub nrog nws siv.
Txhawm rau simulate txiav cov hniav, peb tau tsim ib qho khoom 3D uas suav nrog maxillary canine thiab maxillary thawj premolar (qib 16), mandibular thawj premolar (qib 13), thiab mandibular thawj molar (qib 14).Cov cim duab tsim siv Photoshop software tau muab rau txhua tus hniav.Tsim ib daim ntawv thov AR-based mobile siv lub cav Unity.Rau kev kho hniav, 52 tus neeg koom tau muab tso rau hauv pawg tswj hwm (n = 26; siv cov qauv kho hniav yas) lossis ib pab pawg sim (n = 26; siv AR-TCPT).Ib daim ntawv nug 22-khoom tau siv los ntsuas cov neeg siv kev paub.Kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv sib piv tau ua los ntawm kev siv cov kev ntsuas nonparametric Mann-Whitney U los ntawm SPSS program.
AR-TCPT siv lub xov tooj ntawm tes lub koob yees duab los ntes cov duab kos thiab tso saib 3D cov khoom ntawm cov hniav tawg.Cov neeg siv tuaj yeem siv lub cuab yeej los tshuaj xyuas txhua kauj ruam lossis kawm txog cov hniav ntawm tus hniav.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov neeg siv tau pom tias piv rau pawg tswj hwm siv cov qauv yas, AR-TCPT pawg sim tau qhab nia ntau dua ntawm cov hniav carving kev paub.
Piv nrog rau cov qauv yas, AR-TCPT muab kev paub zoo dua rau cov neeg siv khoom thaum khawb cov hniav.Cov cuab yeej yog ib qho yooj yim mus saib tau raws li nws yog tsim los siv los ntawm cov neeg siv ntawm mobile pab kiag li lawm.Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau los txiav txim siab txog kev kawm cuam tshuam ntawm AR-TCTP ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov hniav engraved nrog rau tus neeg siv lub peev xwm sculpting.
Kev kho hniav morphology thiab kev xyaum ua haujlwm yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho hniav.Hoob no muab kev qhia theoretical thiab cov tswv yim qhia txog morphology, muaj nuj nqi thiab ncaj qha sculpting ntawm cov hniav [1, 2].Txoj kev qhia ib txwm muaj yog kawm theoretically thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov hniav carving raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus kawm.Cov menyuam kawm ntawv siv ob-dimensional (2D) cov duab ntawm cov hniav thiab cov qauv yas los sculpt hniav ntawm cov quav ciab los yog plaster blocks [3,4,5].Kev nkag siab txog kev kho hniav morphology yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob thiab kev tsim kho hniav kho hniav hauv kev kho mob.Txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov antagonist thiab cov hniav sib xws, raws li qhia los ntawm lawv cov duab, yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj cov occlusal thiab positional stability [6, 7].Txawm hais tias cov chav kawm kho hniav tuaj yeem pab cov tub ntxhais kawm kom nkag siab zoo txog kev kho hniav morphology, lawv tseem ntsib teeb meem hauv cov txheej txheem txiav uas cuam tshuam nrog kev coj ua.
Cov neeg tuaj tshiab rau kev xyaum kho hniav morphology tau ntsib nrog kev sib tw ntawm kev txhais lus thiab tsim cov duab 2D hauv peb qhov ntev (3D) [8,9,10].Cov duab hniav feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm ob sab duab kos duab lossis duab, ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev pom cov hniav morphology.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov yuav tsum tau ua kev kho hniav sai sai hauv qhov chaw tsawg thiab lub sijhawm, ua ke nrog kev siv 2D cov duab, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm kom pom thiab pom cov duab 3D [11].Txawm hais tias cov qauv kho hniav yas (uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm ua tiav ib nrab lossis hauv daim ntawv kawg) pab kev qhia, lawv siv tsuas yog vim cov qauv kev lag luam yas feem ntau tau txhais ua ntej thiab txwv kev xyaum rau cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm[4].Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv kev tawm dag zog no yog tus tswv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem muaj los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ib leeg, ua rau muaj kev tawm dag zog ntau ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm kawm.Cov kws qhia feem ntau qhia ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm thaum xyaum thiab feem ntau tso siab rau cov kev coj ua ib txwm ua, uas tuaj yeem ua rau ntev tos rau tus kws qhia tawm tswv yim ntawm theem nrab ntawm kev kos duab [12].Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv qhia carving los pab txhawb kev xyaum ntawm cov hniav carving thiab txo cov kev txwv ntawm cov qauv yas.
Augmented reality (AR) thev naus laus zis tau tshwm sim los ua ib qho kev cog lus rau kev txhim kho kev kawm.Los ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv digital mus rau ib puag ncig hauv lub neej tiag tiag, AR thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem muab cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog kev sib tham ntau dua thiab muaj kev paub zoo [13].Garzón [14] tau kos rau 25 xyoo ntawm kev paub nrog thawj peb tiam ntawm AR kev kawm kev faib tawm thiab sib cav tias kev siv cov khoom siv mobile thiab cov ntawv thov raug nqi (ntawm cov khoom siv txawb thiab cov ntawv thov) hauv tiam thib ob ntawm AR tau txhim kho kev kawm tau zoo. yam ntxwv..Thaum tsim thiab teeb tsa, cov ntawv thov txawb tso cai rau lub koob yees duab kom paub txog thiab tso saib cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog cov khoom paub, yog li txhim kho cov neeg siv kev paub [15, 16].AR thev naus laus zis ua haujlwm los ntawm kev paub sai sai ntawm cov lej lossis cov duab cim los ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes lub koob yees duab, tso saib cov ntaub ntawv 3D overlayed thaum kuaj pom [17].Los ntawm kev tswj cov khoom siv mobile lossis cov cim duab, cov neeg siv tau yooj yim thiab nkag siab zoo saib thiab nkag siab 3D qauv [18].Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Akçayır thiab Akçayır [19], AR tau pom tias ua kom "kev lom zem" thiab ua tiav "nce qib ntawm kev koom tes."Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov nyuaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem "nyuaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm siv" thiab ua rau "kev txawj ntse tshaj," xav tau cov lus qhia ntxiv [19, 20, 21].Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau siv zog los txhim kho tus nqi kawm ntawv ntawm AR los ntawm kev ua kom muaj peev xwm siv tau thiab txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau.Cov yam tseem ceeb no yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum siv AR thev naus laus zis los tsim cov cuab yeej kev kawm rau kev xyaum ua hniav.
Txhawm rau coj cov tub ntxhais kawm zoo hauv kev kho hniav siv AR ib puag ncig, yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv.Txoj hauv kev no tuaj yeem pab txo qis qhov sib txawv thiab txhawb nqa kev txawj ntse [22].Pib carvers tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv txoj haujlwm zoo los ntawm kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub [23].Qhov tseeb, kev cob qhia ib qib zuj zus tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev paub sculpting kev txawj ntse hauv lub sijhawm luv luv thiab txo qhov yuam kev hauv qhov kawg tsim ntawm kev kho dua tshiab [24].Hauv kev kho hniav kho hniav, kev siv cov txheej txheem engraving ntawm cov hniav yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm txhim kho lawv cov kev txawj [25].Txoj kev tshawb no tsom los txhim kho AR-raws li kev kho hniav xyaum cuab yeej (AR-TCPT) haum rau cov khoom siv txawb thiab ntsuas nws cov neeg siv kev paub.Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb fawb tau muab piv rau cov neeg siv kev paub ntawm AR-TCPT nrog cov qauv kho hniav ib txwm siv los ntsuas lub peev xwm ntawm AR-TCPT raws li cov cuab yeej siv tau.
AR-TCPT yog tsim los rau cov khoom siv mobile siv AR thev naus laus zis.Cov cuab yeej no yog tsim los tsim cov kauj ruam los ntawm kauj ruam 3D qauv ntawm maxillary canines, maxillary thawj premolars, mandibular thawj premolars, thiab mandibular thawj molars.Thawj 3D qauv tau ua tiav siv 3D Studio Max (2019, Autodesk Inc., USA), thiab kev ua qauv zaum kawg tau ua tiav siv Zbrush 3D software pob (2019, Pixologic Inc., USA).Kev kos duab kos duab tau ua tiav siv Photoshop software (Adobe Master Collection CC 2019, Adobe Inc., USA), tsim los rau kev lees paub ruaj khov los ntawm lub koob yees duab txawb, hauv Vuforia lub cav (PTC Inc., USA; http:///developer.vuforia. com) ib.Daim ntawv thov AR yog siv los siv lub cav Unity (Lub Peb Hlis 12, 2019, Unity Technologies, USA) thiab tom qab ntawd tau nruab thiab tso tawm ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes.Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm AR-TCPT ua ib qho cuab yeej rau kev xyaum kho hniav, cov neeg koom tau raug xaiv los ntawm cov chav kawm kho hniav morphology xyoo 2023 los tsim pab pawg tswj hwm thiab pab pawg sim.Cov neeg koom nrog hauv pawg sim tau siv AR-TCPT, thiab pawg tswj hwm tau siv cov qauv yas los ntawm Hniav Carving Step Model Kit (Nissin Dental Co., Nyiv).Tom qab ua tiav txoj haujlwm txiav cov hniav, cov neeg siv kev paub ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej siv tes tau tshawb xyuas thiab muab piv.Qhov kev khiav ntawm txoj kev kawm tsim muaj nyob rau hauv daim duab 1. Txoj kev tshawb no tau ua nrog kev pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm South Seoul National University (IRB tus lej: NSU-202210-003).
3D qauv yog siv los piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm morphological ntawm protruding thiab concave lug ntawm mesial, distal, buccal, lingual thiab occlusal nto ntawm cov hniav thaum lub sij hawm carving txheej txheem.Lub maxillary canine thiab maxillary thawj cov hniav premolar tau ua qauv raws li qib 16, lub mandibular thawj premolar li qib 13, thiab mandibular thawj molar li qib 14. Cov qauv ua ntej qhia txog cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab khaws cia hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. , raws li qhia hauv daim duab.2. Cov qauv ntawm cov hniav kawg yog qhia hauv daim duab 3. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv kawg, textures, ridges thiab grooves piav qhia txog cov qauv kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov hniav, thiab cov ntaub ntawv duab suav nrog coj cov txheej txheem sculpting thiab cov qauv tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib.Thaum pib ntawm theem carving, txhua qhov chaw yog xim coded los qhia nws txoj kev taw qhia, thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog yog cim nrog cov kab uas qhia txog qhov uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.Qhov chaw mesial thiab distal ntawm cov hniav yog cim nrog cov dots liab los qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hniav uas yuav nyob twj ywm raws li qhov projections thiab yuav tsis raug tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm txiav.Ntawm qhov chaw occlusal, liab dots cim txhua cusp raws li khaws cia, thiab cov xub liab qhia txog kev taw qhia ntawm kev kos duab thaum txiav cov quav ciab.3D qauv ntawm cov khaws cia thiab tshem tawm qhov chaw tso cai rau kev pom zoo ntawm morphology ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej wax block sculpting cov kauj ruam.
Tsim cov kev sim ua ntej ntawm 3D cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hniav carving step-by-step.a: Mesial nto ntawm maxillary thawj premolar;b: me ntsis superior thiab mesial labial nto ntawm maxillary thawj premolar;c: Mesial nto ntawm maxillary thawj molar;d: me ntsis maxillary nto ntawm maxillary thawj molar thiab mesiobuccal nto.nto.B - lub puab tsaig;La - labial suab;M - medial suab.
Peb-dimensional (3D) cov khoom sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav cov hniav.Daim duab no qhia txog qhov khoom tiav 3D tom qab maxillary thawj molar qauv txheej txheem, qhia cov ntsiab lus thiab textures rau txhua kauj ruam tom ntej.Qhov thib ob 3D qauv cov ntaub ntawv suav nrog cov khoom 3D zaum kawg txhim kho hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes.Cov kab dotted sawv cev rau qhov sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cov hniav, thiab cov seem sib cais sawv cev rau cov uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej cov seem uas muaj cov kab khoom tuaj yeem suav nrog.Cov xub liab 3D qhia txog kev txiav cov hniav, lub voj voog liab ntawm qhov chaw distal qhia qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm cov hniav, thiab lub tog raj kheej liab rau ntawm qhov chaw occlusal qhia qhov cusp ntawm cov hniav.a: cov kab dotted, cov kab khoom, cov voj voog liab ntawm qhov chaw distal thiab cov kauj ruam qhia txog qhov detachable wax block.b: Kwv yees ua tiav ntawm qhov tsim ntawm thawj molar ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv.c: nthuav dav saib ntawm maxillary thawj molar, liab xub qhia cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov hniav thiab spacer xov, liab cylindrical cusp, khoom kab qhia ib feem yuav tsum tau txiav rau occlusal nto.d: Ua kom tiav maxillary thawj molar.
Txhawm rau pab txhawb kev txheeb xyuas cov kauj ruam txuas ntxiv siv lub xov tooj ntawm tes, plaub daim duab cim tau npaj rau mandibular thawj molar, mandibular thawj premolar, maxillary thawj molar, thiab maxillary canine.Cov cim kos duab tau tsim los siv Photoshop software (2020, Adobe Co., Ltd., San Jose, CA) thiab siv cov cim lej thiab cov qauv rov qab los ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm txhua tus hniav, raws li pom hauv daim duab 4. Tsim cov duab kos duab zoo siv lub cav Vuforia (AR marker creation software), thiab tsim thiab txuag cov duab kos siv lub cav Unity tom qab tau txais tsib lub hnub qub lees paub tus nqi rau ib hom duab.Tus qauv 3D hniav yog maj mam txuas nrog cov duab kos, thiab nws txoj hauj lwm thiab qhov loj yog txiav txim siab raws li cov cim.Siv lub cav Unity thiab Android daim ntawv thov uas tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv cov khoom siv mobile.
Duab tag.Cov duab no qhia txog cov duab kos npe siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no, uas lub koob yees duab ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes tau lees paub los ntawm hom hniav (tus lej hauv txhua lub voj voog).a: thawj molar ntawm mandible;b: thawj premolar ntawm mandible;c: maxillary thawj molar;d: maxillary miv.
Cov neeg koom nrog tau raug xaiv los ntawm thawj xyoo kev xyaum ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho hniav morphology ntawm Department of Dental Hygiene, Seong University, Gyeonggi-do.Cov neeg tuaj koom muaj peev xwm raug ceeb toom txog cov hauv qab no: (1) Kev koom nrog yog kev yeem thiab tsis suav nrog nyiaj txiag lossis kev them nyiaj kawm ntawv;(2) Pawg tswj hwm yuav siv cov qauv yas, thiab pab pawg sim yuav siv AR mobile daim ntawv thov;(3) qhov kev sim yuav kav peb lub lis piam thiab koom nrog peb cov hniav;(4) Cov neeg siv hauv Android yuav tau txais qhov txuas rau nruab daim ntawv thov, thiab cov neeg siv iOS yuav tau txais cov khoom siv hauv Android nrog AR-TCPT ntsia;(5) AR-TCTP yuav ua haujlwm tib yam ntawm ob lub tshuab;(6) Randomly muab pawg tswj hwm thiab pab pawg sim;(7) Kev txiav hniav yuav raug ua nyob rau hauv ntau lub chaw soj nstuam;(8) Tom qab kev sim, 22 qhov kev tshawb fawb yuav ua tiav;(9) Pab pawg tswj hwm tuaj yeem siv AR-TCPT tom qab kev sim.Tag nrho ntawm 52 tus neeg tuaj yeem tuaj yeem pab dawb, thiab daim ntawv tso cai online tau txais los ntawm txhua tus neeg koom.Cov kev tswj hwm (n = 26) thiab cov pab pawg sim (n = 26) tau muab tso ua ke siv cov haujlwm random hauv Microsoft Excel (2016, Redmond, USA).Daim duab 5 qhia txog kev nrhiav neeg tuaj koom thiab kev sim tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia khiav.
Ib txoj kev kawm tsim los tshawb txog cov neeg koom nrog cov kev paub dhau los nrog cov qauv yas thiab cov ntawv thov kev muaj tiag.
Pib txij lub Peb Hlis 27, 2023, pawg sim thiab pawg tswj hwm tau siv AR-TCPT thiab cov qauv yas los kos peb cov hniav, raws li, rau peb lub lis piam.Cov neeg koom nrog sculpted premolars thiab molars, nrog rau ib tug mandibular thawj molar, ib tug mandibular thawj premolar, thiab ib tug maxillary thawj premolar, tag nrho cov complex morphological nta.Cov maxillary canines tsis suav nrog hauv cov duab puab.Cov neeg koom nrog muaj peb teev hauv ib lub lis piam los txiav hniav.Tom qab kev tsim cov hniav, cov qauv yas thiab cov duab kos ntawm kev tswj thiab kev sim pab pawg, feem, tau muab rho tawm.Yog tsis muaj daim ntawv lo lees paub, 3D cov khoom siv kho hniav tsis raug kho los ntawm AR-TCTP.Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev siv lwm cov cuab yeej xyaum, cov pab pawg sim thiab tswj tau siv cov hniav carving hauv cov chav sib cais.Cov lus qhia txog cov hniav zoo li tau muab peb lub lis piam tom qab qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev sim kom txwv tsis pub cuam tshuam ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv cov lus qhia.Daim ntawv nug tau raug tswj xyuas tom qab txiav cov mandibular thawj molars tau ua tiav hauv peb lub lis piam ntawm lub Plaub Hlis.Ib daim ntawv nug hloov kho los ntawm Sanders li al.Alfala et al.siv 23 nqe lus nug los ntawm [26].[27] ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm lub plawv zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej xyaum.Txawm li cas los xij, hauv txoj kev tshawb no, ib yam khoom rau kev tswj hwm ncaj qha ntawm txhua qib tau raug cais tawm ntawm Alfalah li al.[27].22 yam khoom siv hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 1. Cov pab pawg tswj hwm thiab kev sim muaj Cronbach's α qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 0.587 thiab 0.912, feem.
Kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tau ua tiav siv SPSS statistical software (v25.0, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA).Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ob sab tau ua tiav ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 0.05.Fisher qhov kev kuaj xyuas tseeb yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv dav dav xws li poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, qhov chaw nyob, thiab kev paub txog kev kho hniav kom paub meej tias qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov yam ntxwv no ntawm pawg tswj hwm thiab kev sim.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem Shapiro-Wilk tau pom tias cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tsis tau muab faib (p <0.05).Yog li ntawd, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tau siv los sib piv cov kev tswj thiab kev sim pab pawg.
Cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom thaum lub sij hawm siv cov hniav carving yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 6. Daim duab 6a qhia cov qauv yas, thiab daim duab 6b-d qhia AR-TCPT siv ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes.AR-TCPT siv lub cuab yeej lub koob yees duab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov duab kos thiab nthuav tawm cov khoom siv kho hniav 3D ntawm qhov screen uas cov neeg koom tuaj yeem tswj xyuas thiab saib xyuas hauv lub sijhawm.Cov nyees khawm "Tom ntej" thiab "Yav dhau los" ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes tso cai rau koj los soj ntsuam kom meej cov theem ntawm carving thiab morphological yam ntxwv ntawm cov hniav.Txhawm rau tsim cov hniav, AR-TCPT cov neeg siv sib txuas ua ke sib piv ib qho kev txhim kho 3D on-screen qauv ntawm cov hniav nrog cov quav ciab.
Xyaum cov hniav carving.Daim duab no qhia tau hais tias kev sib piv ntawm cov tsoos hniav carving xyaum (TCP) siv cov qauv yas thiab cov kauj ruam-los-kauj ruam TCP siv cov cuab yeej augmented kev muaj tiag.Cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem saib cov kauj ruam 3D carving los ntawm nias lub khawm Tom ntej thiab dhau los.a: Yas qauv nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntawm step-by-step qauv rau carving hniav.b: TCP siv cov cuab yeej augmented kev muaj tiag ntawm thawj theem ntawm mandibular thawj premolar.c: TCP siv lub cuab yeej augmented kev muaj tiag thaum lub sij hawm kawg ntawm mandibular thawj premolar tsim.d: Txheej txheem txheeb xyuas cov ridges thiab grooves.IM, daim ntawv lo;MD, mobile ntaus ntawv;NSB, "Next" khawm;PSB, khawm "Previous";SMD, mobile ntaus ntawv tuav;TC, kho hniav engraving tshuab;W, wax block
Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob pawg ntawm cov neeg koom nrog xaiv los ntawm poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, qhov chaw nyob, thiab kev kho hniav (p> 0.05).Pawg tswj hwm muaj 96.2% poj niam (n = 25) thiab 3.8% txiv neej (n = 1), qhov kev sim pab pawg tsuas yog cov poj niam (n = 26).Pawg tswj hwm muaj 61.5% (n = 16) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog 20 xyoo, 26.9% (n = 7) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog 21 xyoo, thiab 11.5% (n = 3) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog ≥ 22 xyoo, tom qab ntawd kev tswj xyuas pab pawg muaj 73.1% (n = 19) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog 20 xyoo, 19.2% (n = 5) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog 21 xyoo, thiab 7.7% (n = 2) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog ≥ 22 xyoo.Hais txog qhov chaw nyob, 69.2% (n=18) ntawm pawg tswj hwm nyob hauv Gyeonggi-do, thiab 23.1% (n=6) nyob hauv Seoul.Hauv kev sib piv, 50.0% (n = 13) ntawm pawg sim sim nyob hauv Gyeonggi-do, thiab 46.2% (n = 12) nyob hauv Seoul.Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm kev tswj thiab kev sim pab pawg nyob hauv Incheon yog 7.7% (n = 2) thiab 3.8% (n = 1), feem.Hauv pab pawg tswj hwm, 25 tus neeg koom (96.2%) tsis muaj kev paub dhau los nrog cov hniav carving.Ib yam li ntawd, 26 tus neeg koom (100%) hauv pab pawg sim tsis muaj kev paub dhau los nrog cov hniav carving.
Table 2 nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais thiab kev sib piv cov lej ntawm txhua pab pawg cov lus teb rau 22 cov lus nug.Muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pab pawg hauv cov lus teb rau txhua ntawm 22 cov lus nug (p <0.01).Piv nrog rau pawg tswj hwm, pawg sim tau muaj cov qhab nia siab dua ntawm 21 cov lus nug.Tsuas yog ntawm nqe lus nug 20 (Q20) ntawm daim ntawv nug tau ua rau pawg tswj hwm tau qhab nia siab dua li pawg sim.Lub histogram hauv daim duab 7 pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm pawg.Rooj 2;Daim duab 7 kuj qhia tau hais tias cov neeg siv kev paub tau tshwm sim rau txhua qhov project.Hauv pab pawg tswj hwm, cov khoom tau qhab nia siab tshaj plaws muaj lus nug Q21, thiab cov khoom qis tshaj plaws tau nug Q6.Hauv pab pawg sim, cov khoom tau qhab nia siab tshaj plaws muaj lus nug Q13, thiab cov khoom qis tshaj plaws tau nug Q20.Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 7, qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm pawg tswj thiab pab pawg neeg sim yog pom nyob rau hauv Q6, thiab qhov sib txawv me tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv Q22.
Kev sib piv ntawm cov qhab nia nug.Bar graph piv cov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm pawg tswj hwm siv cov qauv yas thiab pab pawg sim siv cov ntawv thov kev muaj tiag.AR-TCPT, augmented reality baseddental carving practice tool.
AR thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam hauv ntau yam kev kho hniav, suav nrog kev kho hniav zoo nkauj, phais qhov ncauj, kho tshuab kho hniav, kho hniav morphology thiab implantology, thiab simulation [28, 29, 30, 31].Piv txwv li, Microsoft HoloLens muab cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws los txhim kho kev kawm kho hniav thiab kev npaj phais mob [32].Virtual kev muaj tiag thev naus laus zis kuj tseem muab qhov chaw simulation rau kev qhia kho hniav morphology [33].Txawm hais tias cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis-nyob ntawm lub taub hau-mounted cov lus tseem tsis tau dhau los ua dav dav hauv kev kho hniav, kev siv AR mobile tuaj yeem txhim kho kev siv tshuaj kho mob thiab pab cov neeg siv nkag siab lub cev sai sai [34, 35].AR thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj kev txhawb siab thiab kev txaus siab rau kev kawm kho hniav morphology thiab muab kev sib tham sib tham thiab koom nrog kev kawm [36].AR cov cuab yeej kev kawm pab cov tub ntxhais kawm pom cov txheej txheem kho hniav nyuaj thiab lub cev hauv 3D [37], uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog kev kho hniav morphology.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm 3D luam ntawv yas kho hniav qauv ntawm kev qhia kho hniav morphology twb zoo dua li cov phau ntawv nrog 2D dluab thiab piav qhia [38].Txawm li cas los xij, digitalization ntawm kev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis tau ua rau nws tsim nyog los qhia ntau yam khoom siv thiab thev naus laus zis hauv kev kho mob thiab kev kho mob, suav nrog kev kho hniav [35].Cov kws qhia ntawv tau ntsib nrog kev sib tw ntawm kev qhia cov ntsiab lus nyuaj hauv kev hloov pauv sai thiab muaj zog ua haujlwm [39], uas yuav tsum tau siv ntau yam cuab yeej siv tes ua ntxiv rau cov qauv kho hniav ib txwm los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv kev xyaum kho hniav.Yog li, txoj kev tshawb no nthuav tawm cov cuab yeej siv tau AR-TCPT uas siv AR thev naus laus zis los pab hauv kev xyaum kho hniav morphology.
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg siv kev paub ntawm AR daim ntawv thov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog yam cuam tshuam rau kev siv multimedia [40].Ib qho kev paub zoo ntawm AR cov neeg siv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov kev taw qhia ntawm nws txoj kev txhim kho thiab kev txhim kho, suav nrog nws lub hom phiaj, kev siv yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm zoo, cov ntaub ntawv qhia, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam [41].Raws li pom nyob rau hauv Table 2, tshwj tsis yog Q20, pawg sim siv AR-TCPT tau txais cov neeg siv kev paub ntau dua piv rau pawg tswj hwm siv cov qauv yas.Piv nrog cov qauv yas, qhov kev paub ntawm kev siv AR-TCPT hauv kev xyaum kho hniav tau zoo heev.Kev ntsuam xyuas suav nrog kev nkag siab, kev pom, kev soj ntsuam, rov ua dua, kev siv tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej, thiab ntau qhov kev xav.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv AR-TCPT suav nrog kev nkag siab sai, kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, txuag lub sijhawm, kev txhim kho cov kev txawj kos duab ua ntej, kev pabcuam dav dav, txhim kho kev kawm, txo cov phau ntawv dependence, thiab sib tham sib, txaus siab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev paub.AR-TCPT kuj pab txhawb kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov cuab yeej xyaum thiab muab kev pom tseeb los ntawm ntau qhov kev xav.
Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 7, AR-TCPT tau npaj ib qho ntxiv hauv nqe lus nug 20: ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm cov neeg siv cov duab qhia txog txhua kauj ruam ntawm kev txiav hniav yog xav tau los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm ua cov hniav carving.Kev ua qauv qhia ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem kho hniav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev kho hniav ua ntej kho cov neeg mob.Cov pab pawg sim tau txais qhov qhab nia siab tshaj plaws hauv Q13, cov lus nug tseem ceeb ntsig txog kev pab txhim kho kev kho hniav thiab txhim kho cov neeg siv kev txawj ua ntej kho cov neeg mob, qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej no hauv kev xyaum kho hniav.Cov neeg siv xav siv cov txuj ci uas lawv kawm hauv qhov chaw kho mob.Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv yog xav tau los ntsuas kev txhim kho thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txuj ci kho hniav tiag tiag.Nqe Lus Nug 6 nug seb cov qauv yas thiab AR-TCTP puas tuaj yeem siv yog tias tsim nyog, thiab cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no tau pom qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm ob pawg.Raws li lub xov tooj ntawm tes, AR-TCPT tau ua pov thawj tias nws yooj yim dua los siv piv rau cov qauv yas.Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem nyuaj los ua pov thawj kev kawm tau zoo ntawm AR apps raws li cov neeg siv kev paub ib leeg.Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau los ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm AR-TCTP ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj kho hniav tiav.Txawm li cas los xij, hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov neeg siv kev paub dhau los ntawm AR-TCPT qhia nws lub peev xwm los ua cov cuab yeej siv tau.
Qhov kev sib piv no qhia tau hais tias AR-TCPT tuaj yeem yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los yog ntxiv rau cov qauv yas hauv cov chaw kho hniav, vim nws tau txais kev ntsuam xyuas zoo ntawm cov neeg siv kev paub.Txawm li cas los xij, kev txiav txim siab nws qhov zoo tshaj yuav xav tau ntau ntxiv los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawm cov pob txha nruab nrab thiab zaum kawg.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus kheej qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov txheej txheem carving thiab cov hniav kawg kuj yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas.Kev kho hniav muaj peev xwm sib txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem carving thiab cov hniav kawg.Yog li, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau los ua pov thawj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm AR-TCPT raws li lub cuab yeej rau kev xyaum kho hniav thiab kom nkag siab txog kev hloov kho thiab kev kho kom haum xeeb ntawm AR daim ntawv thov hauv cov txheej txheem carving.Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev txhim kho thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov cuab yeej kho hniav morphology siv HoloLens AR technology siab heev.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, txoj kev tshawb fawb no qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm AR-TCPT uas yog ib qho cuab yeej rau kev xyaum kho hniav vim nws muab cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog kev paub tshiab thiab kev sib tham sib tham.Piv nrog rau pawg qauv yas ib txwm siv, pawg AR-TCPT tau pom cov qhab nia ntawm cov neeg siv kev paub ntau dua, suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig xws li kev nkag siab sai dua, kev kawm tau zoo dua qub, thiab txo cov phau ntawv kev vam khom.Nrog nws cov thev naus laus zis paub thiab siv tau yooj yim, AR-TCPT muaj kev cog lus rau lwm cov cuab yeej yas thiab tuaj yeem pab cov neeg tshiab rau 3D sculpting.Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau los ntsuas nws txoj kev kawm zoo, suav nrog nws qhov cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub peev xwm sculpting thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov hniav sculpted.
Cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no muaj los ntawm kev hu rau tus kws sau ntawv raws li kev thov tsim nyog.
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Post lub sij hawm: Dec-25-2023