Cov thev naus laus zis augmented reality (AR) tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tso saib cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua cov khoom 3D. Txawm hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau siv AR daim ntawv thov los ntawm cov khoom siv mobile, cov qauv yas lossis cov duab 2D tseem siv dav hauv kev txiav hniav. Vim yog qhov xwm txheej peb-seem ntawm cov hniav, cov tub ntxhais kawm txiav hniav ntsib teeb meem vim tsis muaj cov cuab yeej muaj uas muab cov lus qhia tas mus li. Hauv kev tshawb fawb no, peb tau tsim cov cuab yeej cob qhia txiav hniav raws li AR (AR-TCPT) thiab piv rau cov qauv yas los ntsuas nws lub peev xwm ua cov cuab yeej xyaum thiab kev paub nrog nws siv.
Yuav kom ua piv txwv txog cov hniav txiav, peb tau tsim ib yam khoom 3D uas suav nrog lub maxillary canine thiab maxillary first premolar (kauj ruam 16), lub mandibular first premolar (kauj ruam 13), thiab lub mandibular first molar (kauj ruam 14). Cov cim duab tsim los ntawm kev siv Photoshop software tau muab rau txhua tus hniav. Tsim ib daim ntawv thov mobile AR siv Unity engine. Rau kev txiav hniav, 52 tus neeg koom nrog tau raug xaiv rau ib pawg tswj (n = 26; siv cov qauv hniav yas) lossis ib pawg sim (n = 26; siv AR-TCPT). Ib daim ntawv nug 22-yam tau siv los ntsuas kev paub ntawm tus neeg siv. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv sib piv tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv qhov kev xeem Mann-Whitney U uas tsis yog parametric los ntawm SPSS program.
AR-TCPT siv lub koob yees duab ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes los ntes cov cim duab thiab tso saib cov khoom 3D ntawm cov hniav tawg. Cov neeg siv tuaj yeem tswj lub cuab yeej los tshuaj xyuas txhua kauj ruam lossis kawm txog cov duab ntawm cov hniav. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev soj ntsuam kev paub ntawm tus neeg siv qhia tau hais tias piv rau pawg tswj hwm siv cov qauv yas, pawg sim AR-TCPT tau qhab nia siab dua ntawm kev paub txog kev txiav hniav.
Piv nrog cov qauv yas ib txwm muaj, AR-TCPT muab kev paub zoo dua rau tus neeg siv thaum txiav cov hniav. Cov cuab yeej no yooj yim nkag mus vim nws tau tsim los rau cov neeg siv siv ntawm cov khoom siv mobile. Xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv kom txiav txim siab txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev kawm ntawm AR-TCTP rau kev ntsuas cov hniav txiav nrog rau tus neeg siv lub peev xwm txiav duab.
Kev kawm txog cov qauv hniav thiab kev xyaum ua yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv kawm txog kev kho hniav. Cov chav kawm no muab cov lus qhia txog kev xav thiab kev xyaum ua txog cov qauv hniav, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev kos duab ncaj qha ntawm cov qauv hniav [1, 2]. Txoj kev qhia ib txwm muaj yog kawm txog kev xav thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov hniav txiav raws li cov ntsiab cai uas tau kawm. Cov tub ntxhais kawm siv cov duab ob-seem (2D) ntawm cov hniav thiab cov qauv yas los kos cov hniav ntawm cov quav ciab lossis cov plaster blocks [3,4,5]. Kev nkag siab txog cov qauv hniav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho kom rov zoo thiab kev tsim cov hniav kho hauv kev xyaum kho mob. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hniav antagonist thiab proximal, raws li qhia los ntawm lawv cov duab, yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tswj tau qhov ruaj khov ntawm occlusal thiab positional [6, 7]. Txawm hais tias cov chav kawm kho hniav tuaj yeem pab cov tub ntxhais kawm nkag siab txog cov qauv hniav, lawv tseem ntsib teeb meem hauv cov txheej txheem txiav uas cuam tshuam nrog cov kev coj ua ib txwm muaj.
Cov neeg tshiab rau kev xyaum ua cov qauv hniav yuav ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev txhais thiab rov ua cov duab 2D hauv peb qhov ntev (3D) [8,9,10]. Cov duab hniav feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm cov duab kos lossis cov duab thaij ob-seem, ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev pom cov qauv hniav. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov xav tau sai sai ua cov duab txiav hniav hauv qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm tsawg, ua ke nrog kev siv cov duab 2D, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm kom nkag siab thiab pom cov duab 3D [11]. Txawm hais tias cov qauv hniav yas (uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm ua tiav ib nrab lossis hauv daim ntawv kawg) pab hauv kev qhia, lawv siv tsawg vim tias cov qauv yas lag luam feem ntau tau txhais ua ntej thiab txwv cov sijhawm xyaum rau cov xib fwb thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm [4]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv kev tawm dag zog no yog cov tswv cuab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem yog cov tub ntxhais kawm ib leeg, ua rau muaj kev tawm dag zog ntau ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm kawm. Cov kws qhia feem ntau qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm ntau thaum lub sijhawm xyaum thiab feem ntau vam khom cov txheej txheem kev xyaum ib txwm muaj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tos ntev rau cov lus qhia ntawm tus kws qhia txog theem nruab nrab ntawm kev txiav [12]. Yog li ntawd, xav tau phau ntawv qhia txog kev txiav hniav kom yooj yim rau kev xyaum txiav hniav thiab kom txo qhov kev txwv uas cov qauv yas tsim.
Kev siv tshuab augmented reality (AR) tau tshwm sim los ua ib qho cuab yeej zoo rau kev txhim kho kev kawm. Los ntawm kev muab cov ntaub ntawv digital tso rau hauv ib puag ncig tiag tiag, AR technology tuaj yeem muab cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog kev sib tham thiab kev paub ntau dua [13]. Garzón [14] tau siv 25 xyoo ntawm kev paub nrog peb tiam thawj ntawm AR kev faib tawm kev kawm thiab sib cav tias kev siv cov khoom siv mobile thiab cov ntawv thov pheej yig (ntawm cov khoom siv mobile thiab cov ntawv thov) hauv tiam thib ob ntawm AR tau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kawm. Thaum tsim thiab ntsia, cov ntawv thov mobile tso cai rau lub koob yees duab kom paub thiab tso saib cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog cov khoom lees paub, yog li txhim kho kev paub ntawm tus neeg siv [15, 16]. AR technology ua haujlwm los ntawm kev paub sai sai ntawm tus lej lossis daim duab los ntawm lub koob yees duab ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, tso saib cov ntaub ntawv 3D overlaid thaum pom [17]. Los ntawm kev tswj cov khoom siv mobile lossis cov cim duab, cov neeg siv tuaj yeem saib thiab nkag siab cov qauv 3D yooj yim thiab intuitively [18]. Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Akçayır thiab Akçayır [19], AR tau pom tias ua rau "kev lom zem" thiab ua tiav "nce qib kev koom tes kawm." Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, cov thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem "nyuaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm siv" thiab ua rau "kev xav ntau dhau," xav tau cov lus qhia ntxiv [19, 20, 21]. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau siv zog los txhim kho qhov txiaj ntsig kev kawm ntawm AR los ntawm kev ua kom yooj yim siv thiab txo qhov nyuaj ntawm txoj haujlwm. Cov yam no yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum siv cov thev naus laus zis AR los tsim cov cuab yeej kev kawm rau kev xyaum txiav hniav.
Yuav kom coj tau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv kev txiav hniav siv AR ib puag ncig zoo, yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus. Txoj hauv kev no tuaj yeem pab txo qhov sib txawv thiab txhawb kev txawj ntse [22]. Cov neeg txiav hniav pib tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm los ntawm kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem txiav hniav digital ib kauj ruam zuj zus [23]. Qhov tseeb, txoj hauv kev cob qhia ib kauj ruam zuj zus tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev paub txog kev txiav hniav hauv lub sijhawm luv luv thiab txo qhov yuam kev hauv kev tsim qauv kawg ntawm kev kho dua tshiab [24]. Hauv kev kho hniav, kev siv cov txheej txheem txiav hniav ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm txhim kho lawv cov txuj ci [25]. Txoj kev tshawb fawb no tsom mus rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej xyaum txiav hniav raws li AR (AR-TCPT) uas haum rau cov khoom siv mobile thiab ntsuas nws cov kev paub ntawm tus neeg siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb fawb piv rau cov neeg siv kev paub ntawm AR-TCPT nrog cov qauv resin hniav ib txwm muaj los ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm AR-TCPT ua cov cuab yeej siv tau.
AR-TCPT yog tsim los rau cov khoom siv mobile siv AR technology. Cov cuab yeej no yog tsim los tsim cov qauv 3D ib kauj ruam zuj zus ntawm cov hniav maxillary canines, maxillary first premolars, mandibular first premolars, thiab mandibular first molars. Kev ua qauv 3D thawj zaug tau ua tiav siv 3D Studio Max (2019, Autodesk Inc., USA), thiab kev ua qauv kawg tau ua tiav siv Zbrush 3D software package (2019, Pixologic Inc., USA). Kev cim duab tau ua tiav siv Photoshop software (Adobe Master Collection CC 2019, Adobe Inc., USA), tsim los rau kev lees paub ruaj khov los ntawm cov koob yees duab mobile, hauv Vuforia engine (PTC Inc., USA; http:///developer.vuforia.com)). Daim ntawv thov AR tau siv siv Unity engine (Lub Peb Hlis 12, 2019, Unity Technologies, USA) thiab tom qab ntawd tau teeb tsa thiab tso tawm ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Txhawm rau ntsuam xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm AR-TCPT ua ib qho cuab yeej rau kev xyaum txiav hniav, cov neeg koom nrog tau raug xaiv los ntawm chav kawm xyaum kho hniav xyoo 2023 los tsim ib pawg tswj thiab ib pawg sim. Cov neeg koom nrog hauv pawg sim tau siv AR-TCPT, thiab pawg tswj tau siv cov qauv yas los ntawm Tooth Carving Step Model Kit (Nissin Dental Co., Nyiv). Tom qab ua tiav txoj haujlwm txiav hniav, kev paub ntawm tus neeg siv ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej siv tes tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab piv. Cov dej ntws ntawm kev tsim qauv kev tshawb fawb tau pom hauv Daim Duab 1. Kev tshawb fawb no tau ua tiav nrog kev pom zoo ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm South Seoul National University (IRB tus lej: NSU-202210-003).
Kev siv 3D modeling los piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv protruding thiab concave ntawm cov hniav mesial, distal, buccal, lingual thiab occlusal thaum lub sijhawm carving. Cov hniav maxillary canine thiab maxillary first premolar tau ua qauv raws li theem 16, mandibular first premolar raws li theem 13, thiab mandibular first molar raws li theem 14. Kev ua qauv ua ntej qhia txog cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm thiab khaws cia raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hniav, raws li pom hauv daim duab. 2. Cov qauv hniav kawg tau pom hauv Daim Duab 3. Hauv tus qauv kawg, cov qauv, cov kab thiab cov grooves piav qhia txog cov qauv ntawm cov hniav, thiab cov ntaub ntawv duab tau suav nrog los coj cov txheej txheem sculpting thiab qhia cov qauv uas xav tau kev saib xyuas ze. Thaum pib ntawm theem carving, txhua qhov chaw yog xim coded los qhia nws qhov kev taw qhia, thiab lub thaiv quav ciab tau cim nrog cov kab khov kho qhia txog cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm. Cov nto mesial thiab distal ntawm cov hniav yog cim nrog cov dots liab los qhia cov ntsiab lus sib cuag ntawm cov hniav uas yuav tseem yog cov projections thiab yuav tsis raug tshem tawm thaum lub sijhawm txiav. Ntawm qhov chaw occlusal, cov dots liab cim txhua lub cusp raws li khaws cia, thiab cov xub liab qhia txog kev taw qhia ntawm kev txiav thaum txiav lub thaiv ciab. Kev ua qauv 3D ntawm cov khoom khaws cia thiab tshem tawm tso cai rau kev lees paub ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom tshem tawm thaum lub sijhawm tom qab sculpting thaiv ciab.
Tsim cov qauv ua ntej ntawm cov khoom 3D hauv cov txheej txheem txiav hniav ib kauj ruam zuj zus. a: Mesial nto ntawm maxillary thawj premolar; b: Me ntsis saum toj thiab mesial labial nto ntawm maxillary thawj premolar; c: Mesial nto ntawm maxillary thawj molar; d: Me ntsis maxillary nto ntawm maxillary thawj molar thiab mesiobuccal nto. nto. B - sab plhu; La - lub suab labial; M - lub suab medial.
Cov khoom peb-seem (3D) sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem ib kauj ruam zuj zus ntawm kev txiav cov hniav. Daim duab no qhia txog cov khoom 3D tiav lawm tom qab cov txheej txheem qauv maxillary thawj molar, qhia cov ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv rau txhua kauj ruam tom ntej. Cov ntaub ntawv qauv 3D thib ob suav nrog cov khoom 3D kawg uas tau txhim kho hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Cov kab dotted sawv cev rau cov seem sib npaug ntawm cov hniav, thiab cov seem sib cais sawv cev rau cov uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ua ntej qhov seem uas muaj cov kab khov kho tuaj yeem suav nrog. Tus xub liab 3D qhia txog kev txiav ntawm cov hniav, lub voj voog liab ntawm qhov chaw distal qhia txog thaj chaw sib cuag ntawm cov hniav, thiab lub tog raj kheej liab ntawm qhov chaw occlusal qhia txog lub cusp ntawm cov hniav. a: cov kab dotted, cov kab khov kho, cov voj voog liab ntawm qhov chaw distal thiab cov kauj ruam qhia txog lub thaiv quav ciab uas tshem tau. b: Kwv yees li qhov ua tiav ntawm kev tsim ntawm thawj molar ntawm lub puab tsaig sab saud. c: Saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm maxillary thawj molar, tus xub liab qhia txog kev taw qhia ntawm cov hniav thiab xov spacer, liab cylindrical cusp, kab khov kho qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau txiav ntawm qhov chaw occlusal. d: Ua tiav maxillary thawj molar.
Txhawm rau pab txhawb kev txheeb xyuas cov kauj ruam txiav tom qab siv cov khoom siv mobile, plaub lub cim duab tau npaj rau mandibular thawj molar, mandibular thawj premolar, maxillary thawj molar, thiab maxillary canine. Cov cim duab tau tsim los ntawm kev siv Photoshop software (2020, Adobe Co., Ltd., San Jose, CA) thiab siv cov cim lej voj voog thiab cov qauv keeb kwm yav dhau los rov ua dua los sib txawv txhua tus hniav, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 4. Tsim cov cim duab zoo siv Vuforia engine (AR marker creation software), thiab tsim thiab txuag cov cim duab siv Unity engine tom qab tau txais tsib lub hnub qub lees paub tus nqi rau ib hom duab. Tus qauv hniav 3D maj mam txuas nrog cov cim duab, thiab nws qhov chaw thiab qhov loj me tau txiav txim siab raws li cov cim. Siv Unity engine thiab Android applications uas tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm cov khoom siv mobile.
Daim duab cim. Cov duab no qhia cov cim duab siv hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no, uas lub koob yees duab ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes paub los ntawm hom hniav (tus lej hauv txhua lub voj voog). a: thawj molar ntawm lub mandible; b: thawj premolar ntawm lub mandible; c: maxillary thawj molar; d: maxillary canine.
Cov neeg koom nrog tau raug xaiv los ntawm thawj xyoo chav kawm xyaum ua haujlwm txog kev kho hniav ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Huv Hniav, Seong University, Gyeonggi-do. Cov neeg koom nrog tau raug qhia txog cov hauv qab no: (1) Kev koom tes yog kev yeem thiab tsis suav nrog kev them nyiaj lossis kev kawm; (2) Pawg tswj yuav siv cov qauv yas, thiab pawg sim yuav siv AR mobile application; (3) qhov kev sim yuav kav ntev peb lub lis piam thiab muaj peb tus hniav; (4) Cov neeg siv Android yuav tau txais qhov txuas los nruab daim ntawv thov, thiab cov neeg siv iOS yuav tau txais lub cuab yeej Android nrog AR-TCPT ntsia; (5) AR-TCTP yuav ua haujlwm tib yam ntawm ob lub tshuab; (6) Xaiv pawg tswj thiab pawg sim ua ntu zus; (7) Kev txiav hniav yuav ua tiav hauv ntau lub chaw soj nstuam sib txawv; (8) Tom qab kev sim, yuav muaj 22 txoj kev tshawb fawb; (9) Pawg tswj tuaj yeem siv AR-TCPT tom qab kev sim. Tag nrho ntawm 52 tus neeg koom nrog tau ua haujlwm pub dawb, thiab daim ntawv tso cai online tau txais los ntawm txhua tus neeg koom nrog. Cov pawg tswj (n = 26) thiab cov pawg sim (n = 26) tau raug xaiv los ntawm kev siv lub luag haujlwm random hauv Microsoft Excel (2016, Redmond, USA). Daim duab 5 qhia txog kev nrhiav neeg koom nrog thiab kev tsim qauv sim hauv daim ntawv qhia kev ntws.
Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav los tshawb nrhiav cov neeg koom nrog cov kev paub dhau los nrog cov qauv yas thiab cov ntawv thov augmented reality.
Txij li thaum Lub Peb Hlis 27, 2023, pawg sim thiab pawg tswj tau siv AR-TCPT thiab cov qauv yas los kos peb lub hniav, raws li, rau peb lub lis piam. Cov neeg koom nrog tau kos duab premolars thiab molars, suav nrog mandibular thawj molar, mandibular thawj premolar, thiab maxillary thawj premolar, txhua yam muaj cov yam ntxwv morphological nyuaj. Cov maxillary canines tsis suav nrog hauv daim duab puab. Cov neeg koom nrog muaj peb teev hauv ib lub lis piam los txiav ib tug hniav. Tom qab tsim cov hniav, cov qauv yas thiab cov cim duab ntawm pawg tswj thiab pawg sim, raws li, tau raug rho tawm. Yog tsis muaj kev paub txog daim ntawv lo duab, cov khoom siv kho hniav 3D tsis tau txhim kho los ntawm AR-TCTP. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev siv lwm yam cuab yeej xyaum, pawg sim thiab pawg tswj tau xyaum kos cov hniav hauv chav sib cais. Cov lus tawm tswv yim txog cov duab hniav tau muab peb lub lis piam tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev sim kom txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm tus xib fwb. Daim ntawv nug tau muab tom qab txiav cov mandibular thawj molars tau ua tiav rau lub lim tiam thib peb ntawm lub Plaub Hlis. Daim ntawv nug hloov kho los ntawm Sanders et al. Alfala et al. siv 23 cov lus nug los ntawm [26]. [27] tau soj ntsuam qhov sib txawv ntawm lub plawv zoo li cas ntawm cov cuab yeej xyaum. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tshawb fawb no, ib yam khoom rau kev tswj hwm ncaj qha ntawm txhua qib tau raug tshem tawm ntawm Alfalah et al. [27]. 22 yam khoom siv hauv kev tshawb fawb no tau qhia hauv Rooj 1. Cov pab pawg tswj thiab cov pab pawg sim muaj Cronbach's α tus nqi ntawm 0.587 thiab 0.912, raws li.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv SPSS software suav lej (v25.0, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Kev xeem ob sab tseem ceeb tau ua tiav ntawm qib tseem ceeb ntawm 0.05. Fisher qhov kev xeem tseeb tau siv los tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv dav dav xws li poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, qhov chaw nyob, thiab kev paub txog kev txiav hniav kom paub meej tias qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov yam ntxwv no ntawm cov pab pawg tswj thiab cov pab pawg sim. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Shapiro-Wilk qhov kev xeem qhia tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam tsis tau faib tawm ib txwm muaj (p <0.05). Yog li ntawd, qhov kev xeem Mann-Whitney U uas tsis yog parametric tau siv los sib piv cov pab pawg tswj thiab cov pab pawg sim.
Cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog thaum lub sijhawm ua kev cob qhia txiav hniav tau qhia nyob rau hauv Daim Duab 6. Daim Duab 6a qhia txog tus qauv yas, thiab Daim Duab 6b-d qhia txog AR-TCPT siv rau ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes. AR-TCPT siv lub koob yees duab ntawm lub cuab yeej los txheeb xyuas cov cim duab thiab tso saib cov khoom kho hniav 3D zoo dua ntawm qhov screen uas cov neeg koom nrog tuaj yeem tswj hwm thiab saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag. Cov nyees khawm "Tom ntej" thiab "Yav dhau los" ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes tso cai rau koj saib xyuas cov theem ntawm kev txiav thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hniav. Txhawm rau tsim ib tug hniav, cov neeg siv AR-TCPT sib piv cov qauv 3D zoo dua ntawm qhov screen ntawm cov hniav nrog ib lub thaiv quav ciab.
Xyaum txiav cov hniav. Daim duab no qhia txog kev sib piv ntawm kev xyaum txiav cov hniav ib txwm muaj (TCP) siv cov qauv yas thiab cov kauj ruam TCP siv cov cuab yeej augmented reality. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem saib cov kauj ruam txiav 3D los ntawm kev nyem rau ntawm cov nyees khawm Tom ntej thiab Yav dhau los. a: Qauv yas hauv cov qauv kauj ruam rau kev txiav cov hniav. b: TCP siv cov cuab yeej augmented reality ntawm theem thawj ntawm mandibular thawj premolar. c: TCP siv cov cuab yeej augmented reality thaum theem kawg ntawm mandibular thawj premolar tsim. d: Txheej txheem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov kab thiab cov grooves. IM, daim ntawv lo duab; MD, lub xov tooj ntawm tes; NSB, khawm "Tom ntej"; PSB, khawm "Yav dhau los"; SMD, lub xov tooj ntawm tes tuav; TC, tshuab txiav hniav; W, thaiv quav ciab
Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob pawg neeg koom nrog uas raug xaiv los ntawm kev xaiv tsis raws cai hais txog poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, qhov chaw nyob, thiab kev paub txog kev txiav hniav (p > 0.05). Pawg tswj hwm muaj 96.2% poj niam (n = 25) thiab 3.8% txiv neej (n = 1), thaum pawg sim tsuas yog poj niam (n = 26). Pawg tswj hwm muaj 61.5% (n = 16) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog 20 xyoo, 26.9% (n = 7) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog 21 xyoo, thiab 11.5% (n = 3) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog ≥ 22 xyoo, tom qab ntawd pawg tswj hwm sim muaj 73.1% (n = 19) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog 20 xyoo, 19.2% (n = 5) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog 21 xyoo, thiab 7.7% (n = 2) ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog ≥ 22 xyoo. Hais txog qhov chaw nyob, 69.2% (n = 18) ntawm pawg tswj nyob hauv Gyeonggi-do, thiab 23.1% (n = 6) nyob hauv Seoul. Piv rau qhov ntawd, 50.0% (n = 13) ntawm pawg sim nyob hauv Gyeonggi-do, thiab 46.2% (n = 12) nyob hauv Seoul. Qhov feem pua ntawm pawg tswj thiab pawg sim nyob hauv Incheon yog 7.7% (n = 2) thiab 3.8% (n = 1), raws li. Hauv pawg tswj, 25 tus neeg koom (96.2%) tsis muaj kev paub dhau los nrog kev txiav hniav. Ib yam li ntawd, 26 tus neeg koom (100%) hauv pawg sim tsis muaj kev paub dhau los nrog kev txiav hniav.
Rooj 2 qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia thiab kev sib piv ntawm txhua pawg cov lus teb rau 22 yam khoom soj ntsuam. Muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pab pawg hauv cov lus teb rau txhua yam ntawm 22 yam khoom nug lus nug (p < 0.01). Piv rau pawg tswj, pawg sim muaj cov qhab nia nruab nrab siab dua ntawm 21 yam khoom nug lus nug. Tsuas yog ntawm lo lus nug 20 (Q20) ntawm cov lus nug xwb pawg tswj tau qhab nia siab dua pawg sim. Daim histogram hauv Daim Duab 7 pom tseeb qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm cov pab pawg. Rooj 2; Daim Duab 7 kuj qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv rau txhua qhov project. Hauv pawg tswj, yam khoom tau qhab nia siab tshaj plaws muaj lus nug Q21, thiab yam khoom tau qhab nia qis tshaj plaws muaj lus nug Q6. Hauv pawg sim, yam khoom tau qhab nia siab tshaj plaws muaj lus nug Q13, thiab yam khoom tau qhab nia qis tshaj plaws muaj lus nug Q20. Raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 7, qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm pawg tswj thiab pawg sim tau pom hauv Q6, thiab qhov sib txawv me tshaj plaws tau pom hauv Q22.
Kev sib piv cov qhab nia ntawm cov lus nug. Daim duab qhia txog cov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm pawg tswj hwm siv cov qauv yas thiab pawg sim siv daim ntawv thov augmented reality. AR-TCPT, ib qho cuab yeej xyaum txiav hniav raws li augmented reality.
Cov thev naus laus zis AR tab tom nrov zuj zus hauv ntau qhov chaw kho hniav, suav nrog kev kho kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev kho mob, kev phais qhov ncauj, kev kho kom rov zoo, kev kho hniav morphology thiab implantology, thiab kev simulation [28, 29, 30, 31]. Piv txwv li, Microsoft HoloLens muab cov cuab yeej augmented reality siab heev los txhim kho kev kawm txog hniav thiab kev npaj phais [32]. Cov thev naus laus zis virtual kuj muab ib puag ncig simulation rau kev qhia txog kev kho hniav morphology [33]. Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv kho vajtse-nyob rau hauv lub taub hau-mounted zaub tseem tsis tau muaj dav hauv kev kawm txog hniav, cov ntawv thov AR mobile tuaj yeem txhim kho cov txuj ci kev siv kho mob thiab pab cov neeg siv nkag siab sai sai txog anatomy [34, 35]. Cov thev naus laus zis AR kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj kev txhawb siab thiab kev txaus siab rau kev kawm txog morphology hniav thiab muab kev kawm sib tham thiab koom nrog ntau dua [36]. Cov cuab yeej kawm AR pab cov tub ntxhais kawm pom cov txheej txheem kho hniav nyuaj thiab anatomy hauv 3D [37], uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog morphology hniav.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv yas 3D luam tawm rau kev qhia txog cov qauv hniav twb zoo dua li cov phau ntawv kawm nrog cov duab 2D thiab cov lus piav qhia [38]. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv digital ntawm kev kawm thiab kev nce qib thev naus laus zis tau ua rau nws tsim nyog los qhia ntau yam khoom siv thiab thev naus laus zis hauv kev kho mob thiab kev kawm kho mob, suav nrog kev kawm txog hniav [35]. Cov xib fwb ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev qhia cov ntsiab lus nyuaj hauv thaj chaw hloov pauv sai thiab hloov pauv [39], uas xav tau kev siv ntau yam cuab yeej siv tes ua ntxiv rau cov qauv hniav ib txwm muaj los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv kev xyaum ua kom hniav zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb fawb no nthuav tawm cov cuab yeej AR-TCPT uas siv tau zoo uas siv thev naus laus zis AR los pab hauv kev xyaum ua kom hniav zoo nkauj.
Kev tshawb fawb txog kev paub ntawm tus neeg siv ntawm AR daim ntawv thov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev siv multimedia [40]. Kev paub zoo ntawm tus neeg siv AR tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov kev coj ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev txhim kho, suav nrog nws lub hom phiaj, yooj yim siv, kev ua haujlwm du, kev tso saib cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam [41]. Raws li tau pom hauv Rooj 2, tshwj tsis yog Q20, pawg neeg sim siv AR-TCPT tau txais cov qhab nia kev paub ntawm tus neeg siv siab dua piv rau pawg tswj hwm siv cov qauv yas. Piv nrog cov qauv yas, kev paub ntawm kev siv AR-TCPT hauv kev xyaum txiav hniav tau raug ntsuas siab heev. Kev ntsuam xyuas suav nrog kev nkag siab, kev pom, kev soj ntsuam, kev rov ua dua, kev siv tau ntawm cov cuab yeej, thiab ntau yam kev xav. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv AR-TCPT suav nrog kev nkag siab sai, kev taw qhia zoo, kev txuag sijhawm, kev txhim kho cov txuj ci txiav ua ntej kev kho mob, kev npog dav dav, kev kawm zoo dua, txo qis kev vam khom phau ntawv kawm, thiab kev sib tham, kev lom zem, thiab kev qhia txog kev paub. AR-TCPT kuj tseem pab txhawb kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov cuab yeej xyaum thiab muab cov kev pom tseeb los ntawm ntau qhov kev xav.
Raws li tau pom hauv Daim Duab 7, AR-TCPT tau hais txog ib qho ntxiv hauv lo lus nug 20: ib qho graphical user interface uas qhia txog txhua kauj ruam ntawm kev txiav hniav yog qhov xav tau los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm ua kev txiav hniav. Kev qhia txog tag nrho cov txheej txheem txiav hniav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov txuj ci txiav hniav ua ntej kho cov neeg mob. Pawg neeg sim tau txais qhov qhab nia siab tshaj plaws hauv Q13, ib lo lus nug tseem ceeb ntsig txog kev pab txhim kho cov txuj ci txiav hniav thiab txhim kho cov txuj ci siv ua ntej kho cov neeg mob, qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej no hauv kev xyaum txiav hniav. Cov neeg siv xav siv cov txuj ci uas lawv kawm hauv chaw kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tom qab yog qhov xav tau los ntsuas qhov kev txhim kho thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txuj ci txiav hniav tiag tiag. Lo lus nug 6 nug seb cov qauv yas thiab AR-TCTP puas siv tau yog tias tsim nyog, thiab cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no qhia txog qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm ob pawg. Ua ib lub mobile app, AR-TCPT tau ua pov thawj tias yooj yim dua rau kev siv piv rau cov qauv yas. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem nyuaj rau pov thawj qhov kev kawm zoo ntawm AR apps raws li kev paub ntawm tus neeg siv xwb. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog qhov xav tau los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm AR-TCTP ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj hniav tiav lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no, qhov kev ntsuas siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm AR-TCPT qhia txog nws lub peev xwm ua ib qho cuab yeej siv tau.
Daim kev tshawb fawb sib piv no qhia tau hais tias AR-TCPT tuaj yeem yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo lossis ua kom tiav rau cov qauv yas ib txwm muaj hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm kho hniav, vim nws tau txais qhov ntsuas zoo heev hauv kev paub ntawm tus neeg siv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txiav txim siab nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws yuav xav tau kev ntsuas ntxiv los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawm cov pob txha txiav nruab nrab thiab kawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kheej hauv kev pom qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem txiav thiab cov hniav kawg kuj tseem yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam. Cov peev xwm kho hniav sib txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem txiav thiab cov hniav kawg. Yog li ntawd, xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv los ua pov thawj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm AR-TCPT ua lub cuab yeej rau kev xyaum txiav hniav thiab kom nkag siab txog lub luag haujlwm modulating thiab mediating ntawm AR daim ntawv thov hauv cov txheej txheem txiav. Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev txhim kho thiab kev ntsuam xyuas cov cuab yeej morphology kho hniav siv cov thev naus laus zis HoloLens AR siab heev.
Hauv kev xaus lus, txoj kev tshawb fawb no qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm AR-TCPT ua ib qho cuab yeej rau kev xyaum ua kom hniav zoo nkauj vim nws muab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog kev kawm tshiab thiab sib tham. Piv rau pawg qauv yas ib txwm muaj, pawg AR-TCPT tau qhia cov qhab nia kev paub ntawm cov neeg siv ntau dua, suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig xws li kev nkag siab sai dua, kev kawm zoo dua, thiab txo qis kev siv phau ntawv. Nrog nws cov thev naus laus zis paub zoo thiab yooj yim siv, AR-TCPT muab lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau cov cuab yeej yas ib txwm muaj thiab tuaj yeem pab cov neeg tshiab rau kev ua duab puab 3D. Txawm li cas los xij, xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv los ntsuas nws txoj kev kawm zoo, suav nrog nws qhov cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub peev xwm ua duab puab thiab kev ntsuas ntawm cov hniav uas tau ua duab puab.
Cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no muaj los ntawm kev tiv tauj tus sau ntawv sib xws thaum thov.
Bogacki RE, Best A, Abby LM Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb sib npaug ntawm kev qhia txog lub cev hniav hauv computer. Jay Dent Ed. 2004;68:867–71.
Abu Eid R, Ewan K, Foley J, Oweis Y, Jayasinghe J. Kev kawm tus kheej thiab kev tsim qauv hniav los kawm txog morphology hniav: kev xav ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm University of Aberdeen, Scotland. Jay Dent Ed. 2013;77:1147–53.
Lawn M, McKenna JP, Cryan JF, Downer EJ, Toulouse A. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem qhia txog kev kho hniav siv hauv UK thiab Ireland. European Journal of Dental Education. 2018; 22: e438–43.
Obrez A., Briggs S., Backman J., Goldstein L., Lamb S., Knight WG Kev qhia txog cov qauv hniav uas cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob hauv cov ntawv kawm kho hniav: Kev piav qhia thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ib qho module tshiab. Jay Dent Ed. 2011; 75: 797–804.
Costa AK, Xavier TA, Paes-Junior TD, Andreatta-Filho OD, Borges AL. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm thaj chaw sib cuag occlusal rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cuspal thiab kev faib tawm ntawm kev ntxhov siab. Xyaum J Contemp Dent. 2014; 15: 699–704.
Sugars DA, Bader JD, Phillips SW, White BA, Brantley CF. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsis hloov cov hniav tom qab uas ploj lawm. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000;131:1317–23.
Wang Hui, Xu Hui, Zhang Jing, Yu Sheng, Wang Ming, Qiu Jing, thiab lwm yam. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov hniav yas luam tawm 3D rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm chav kawm morphology hniav ntawm tsev kawm ntawv qib siab Suav. BMC Medical Education. 2020; 20: 469.
Risnes S, Han K, Hadler-Olsen E, Sehik A. Ib qho kev sib tw txheeb xyuas cov hniav: ib txoj kev qhia thiab kawm txog cov qauv hniav. European Journal of Dental Education. 2019; 23: 62–7.
Kirkup ML, Adams BN, Reiffes PE, Hesselbart JL, Willis LH Ib daim duab puas muaj nqis ib txhiab lo lus? Kev siv iPad zoo hauv cov chav kawm kuaj hniav ua ntej. Jay Dent Ed. 2019;83:398–406.
Goodacre CJ, Younan R, Kirby W, Fitzpatrick M. Ib qho kev sim kawm uas COVID-19 pib: siv kev pleev xim rau hauv tsev thiab cov webinars los qhia peb lub lis piam chav kawm txog kev kho hniav rau cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab xyoo ib. J Prosthetics. 2021; 30: 202–9.
Roy E, Bakr MM, George R. Qhov xav tau kev ua qauv qhia txog kev kho hniav hauv kev kawm txog hniav: kev tshuaj xyuas. Saudi Dent Magazine 2017; 29: 41-7.
Garson J. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm nees nkaum tsib xyoos ntawm kev kawm txog kev muaj tiag. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau hom thev naus laus zis. 2021; 5: 37.
Tan SY, Arshad H., Abdullah A. Cov ntawv thov mobile augmented reality zoo thiab muaj zog. Int J Adv Sci Eng Inf Technol. 2018;8:1672–8.
Wang M., Callaghan W., Bernhardt J., White K., Peña-Rios A. Kev muaj tiag ntxiv hauv kev kawm thiab kev cob qhia: cov txheej txheem qhia thiab cov piv txwv piv txwv. J Ambient intelligence. Human Computing. 2018;9:1391–402.
Pellas N, Fotaris P, Kazanidis I, Wells D. Kev txhim kho kev kawm hauv kev kawm theem pib thiab theem nrab: kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm cov qauv tshiab hauv kev kawm augmented reality raws li kev ua si. Kev muaj tiag virtual. 2019; 23: 329–46.
Mazzuco A., Krassmann AL, Reategui E., Gomez RS Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev kawm txog chemistry. Tus Xibhwb Qhia Ntawv. 2022;10:e3325.
Akçayır M, Akçayır G. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev muaj tiag augmented hauv kev kawm: kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv sau ua ke. Kev Kawm Txuj Ci, ed. 2017; 20: 1–11.
Dunleavy M, Dede S, Mitchell R. Lub peev xwm thiab kev txwv ntawm kev sib koom tes ua ke augmented reality simulations rau kev qhia thiab kev kawm. Journal of Science Education Technology. 2009; 18: 7-22.
Zheng KH, Tsai SK Cov cib fim ntawm kev muaj tiag ntxiv hauv kev kawm txog kev tshawb fawb: Cov lus qhia rau kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej. Phau ntawv Journal of Science Education Technology. 2013; 22: 449–62.
Kilistoff AJ, McKenzie L, D'Eon M, Trinder K. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem txiav cov kauj ruam rau cov tub ntxhais kawm kho hniav. Jay Dent Ed. 2013; 77: 63–7.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-25-2023